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Library and Information Science author rights

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Introduction
As of November 1, 2011, Taylor & Francis enacted new author rights policies for our Library and Information Science journals.


This page has up-to-date information on publishing licenses and rights for authors publishing in these journals:

  • Behavior & Social Science Librarian
  • Business & Finance Librarianship
  • Cataloging & Classification Quarterly
  • Collection Management
  • College & Undergraduate Libraries
  • Community & Junior College Libraries
  • Internet Reference Services Quarterly
  • Journal of Access Services
  • Journal of Archival Organization
  • Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet
  • Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries
  • Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship
  • Journal of Hospital Librarianship
  • Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve
  • Journal of Library & Information Services in Distance Learning
  • Journal of Library Administration
  • Journal of Library Metadata
  • Journal of Map & Geography Libraries
  • Journal of Religious & Theological Information
  • Journal of Web Librarianship
  • Legal Reference Services Quarterly
  • Library & Archival Security
  • Medical Reference Services Quarterly
  • Music References Services Quarterly
  • New Review of Academic Librarianship
  • New Review of Children's Literature & Librarianship
  • New Review of Information Networking
  • Public Library Quarterly
  • Public Services Quarterly
  • Science & Technology Libraries
  • Slavic & East European Information Resources
  • Technical Services Quarterly
  • The Information Society
  • The Information Society
  • The Serials Librarian

We at Taylor & Francis, and the scholarly and professional associations with whom we work, are committed to good stewardship of the scholarly record, and to managing authors’ Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) as these are associated with their article.

Such articles are normally the primary written report of the results of a scientific research project. Such research may be supported by funding from Government or commercial sources. It may be conducted by a single research group from a single institution, or may be the outcome of collaborative working between institutions on a global scale. Such research in its written form has been submitted for consideration to a Taylor & Francis journal, and is then subject to that journal's rigorous peer review.

If acceptable after revision in the light of referees' comments, then that research is published in its final and definitive form as the perpetual Version of Scholarly Record, for the first time, by Taylor & Francis in a Taylor & Francis journal, or in a journal published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of a scholarly or professional association.

This version of scholarly record in its online form will be fully reference-linked. Taylor & Francis has added significant value to this version – editing to a style consistent with linking conventions, converting to a suitable digital form, putting in the digital reference links and meta-tags for feeds to abstracting and indexing services, registering the digital object identifier (DOI), and monitoring electronic usage.

We work for our authors, to ensure maximum access to, and use of, their articles, and to ensure that authors gain from the goodwill associated with publishing in a Taylor & Francis journal. At the same time we seek to enhance the reputation and prestige of the journal, the scholarly or professional association with which it may be associated, its editors and editorial board, its peer review processes, and the added value to articles brought by the publisher.

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Definition of terms

Image: Definition of terms

"First publication" is taken to mean "first" publication in a recognized Taylor & Francis journal or a journal published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of a scholarly or professional association, in electronic and/or print editions of an original article that has been rendered acceptable for publication through a rigorous and equitable "peer review" process, as opposed to any subsequent publication in a secondary medium.

"Exclusive publishing right" is taken to mean the exclusive right (with the exception of an agreed version of an article that an author may place on a website or in an open archive repository) to reproduce and communicate to the public the whole or any part of an article, and to publish the same throughout the world in any format and in all languages for the full term of copyright. This includes without limitation the right to publish an article in printed form, electronic form, other data storage media, transmission over the Internet and other communication networks and in any other electronic form, and to authorize others to do the same.


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Assign copyright, or license publication right?

Image: Assign copyright, or license publication right?

In order to publish an article in the Library and Information Science journals, Taylor & Francis will require an exclusive license to publish.


This is essential as we have a duty to meet the needs of the scholarly community with respect to the certainty of the scientific record. We recognize and respond to the requirement for a clear and unambiguous record of the scholarly or scientific process, with validated authentication of the final version of an article which has been edited, peer-reviewed, and accepted in a journal which confers a recognized, legitimate status on an article. For these reasons we need these rights to assure the scholarly community that they are reading the genuine, final version.

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Taylor & Francis' duties as a publisher

Image: Taylor & Francis' duties as a publisher

In our Charter for Authors, we agree:

  • to defend your article against plagiarism and copyright infringement, and to that end, to take all reasonable steps to act against the unauthorized replication of an article in part or in whole;
  • to receive and to administer permissions and deal with licensing issues relating to an article;
  • to maintain the integrity of an article such that it becomes "the sworn statement of science," that is a definitive, citable, permanent, and secure record of an article, accessible in perpetuity;
  • to maintain the integrity of an article such that it becomes "the sworn statement of science," that is a definitive, citable, permanent, and secure record of an article, accessible in perpetuity;
  • to ensure the safe archiving of an article and as required to ensure that a copy is deposited in any national archive deriving from the Legal Deposit Libraries Act 2003.
  • to supply definitive information on how to cite your article in both print and online formats.
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The rights that you retain as author

Image: The rights that you retain as author

In assigning Taylor & Francis an exclusive license to publish, you retain:

  • the right to be identified as the author of an article whenever and wherever the article is published;
  • patent rights, trademark rights, or rights to any process, product, or procedure described in an article;
  • the right to share (but not on a commercial or systematic basis) with colleagues print or electronic "preprints" (i.e., versions of the article created prior to peer review) of an unpublished article, perhaps in the form and content as submitted for publication;
  • the right to post such a "preprint" on your own website, or on your institution's intranet, but only with the following acknowledgment or such other acknowledgment as we or Taylor & Francis may notify to you:

    This is a preprint of an article submitted for consideration in the [JOURNAL TITLE] [year of publication] [copyright AUTHOR]; [JOURNAL TITLE] is available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/with the open URL of your article;

  • the right to retain a preprint version of the article as specified above following publication in a Taylor & Francis journal, on the following condition, and with the following acknowledgment or such other acknowledgment as Taylor & Francis may notify to you:

    This is a preprint of an article whose final and definitive form has been published in the [JOURNAL TITLE] [year of publication] [copyright AUTHOR]; [JOURNAL TITLE] is available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/with the open URL of your article;

  • the right to post your revised text version of the "postprint" of the article (i.e., the article in the form accepted for publication in a Taylor & Francis journal following the process of peer review), as an electronic file on your own website for personal or professional use, or on your institution's network or intranet or website, or in a subject repository that does not offer content for commercial sale or for any systematic external distribution by a third party, provided that you do not use the PDF version of the article prepared by us and you include any amendments or deletions or warnings relating to the article issued or published by Taylor & Francis and only with the following acknowledgment or such other acknowledgment as Taylor & Francis may notify to you:

    This is an electronic version of an article published in [include the complete citation information for the final version of the article as published in the print edition of the journal] [JOURNAL TITLE] is available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com with the open URL of your article.

    This right is subject to the exception of any embargo period Taylor & Francis has negotiated with any third party, now or at any time in the future. You must not post manuscripts directly to PubMedCentral (PMC) or other such third-party sites. As part of our author services program, Taylor & Francis will deposit to PubMedCentral (PMC) author manuscripts on behalf of Taylor & Francis, Routledge, and Psychology Press authors reporting NIH-funded research. This service is offered as part of Taylor & Francis' 2008 deposit agreement with the NIH, and will help authors to comply with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) revised "Public Access Policy"
  • the right to share with colleagues (but not on a commercial or systematic basis) copies of an article in its published form as supplied by Taylor & Francis as an electronic or printed offprint or reprint;
  • the right to make printed copies of all or part of an article for use by you for lecture or classroom purposes provided that such copies are not offered for sale or distributed in any systematic way, and provided that acknowledgment to prior publication in the relevant Taylor & Francis journal is made explicit;
  • the right to facilitate the distribution of the article if the article has been produced within the scope of an author's employment, so that the author’s employer may use all or part of the article internally within the institution or company provided that acknowledgment to prior publication in the relevant Taylor & Francis journal is made explicit;
  • the right to include the article in a thesis or dissertation that is not to be published commercially, provided that acknowledgment to prior publication in the relevant Taylor & Francis journal is made explicit;
  • the right to present the article at a meeting or conference and to distribute printed copies of the article to the delegates attending the meeting provided that this is not for commercial purposes and provided that acknowledgment to prior publication in the relevant Taylor & Francis journal is made explicit;
  • the right to use the article in its published form in whole or in part without revision or modification in personal compilations [in print or electronic form] or other publications of an author's own articles, provided that acknowledgment to prior publication in the relevant Taylor & Francis journal is made explicit;
  • the right to expand the article into book-length form for publication, provided that acknowledgment to prior publication in the relevant Taylor & Francis journal is made explicit.

Please note that any of the following exclusions will require you to obtain written permission from Taylor & Francis:

  • inclusion of an article in a course pack for onward sale by a third party, e.g., the library of an author's institution;
  • distribution in print or electronic form by any third party that will subsequently distribute it systematically (as described above);
  • distribution in print or electronic form to the commercial benefit of an author, an author's institution or employer, or a third party.

Retrospective coverage
We are happy to extend all these provisions to the many thousands of authors who have signed copyright assignments and licenses to publish in the past with Taylor & Francis or one of its constituent imprints, without the need to seek amendment to the previous agreements.

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Copyright transfer FAQs

Image: Copyright transfer FAQs

CHECKLIST

(a) Completing the Publishing Agreement


I have not published my article previously.
I have not submitted my Article to another journal, and I confirm that it is not under consideration by any other journal.
I intend to publish the article exclusively with Taylor & Francis.
I am only claiming Crown Copyright if I or one of my co-Authors is a Minister or civil servant.
I am only claiming U.S. Government non-Copyrightable Status if I or one of my co-Authors is an officer or employee of the Federal Government of the United States of America.
If I or one of my colleagues is a National Institutes of Health (NIH) employee, I have attached an NIH Addendum instead of signing the Publishing Agreement.
If I or one of my colleagues is a contractor of the U.S. Government (including NIH contractors), I have included my contract number and understand that I am still required to complete the form in full.
I understand that if I am working in a university as a researcher/lecturer but am grant funded and am submitting this work as part of my normal research, my work does not qualify as a 'work for hire'.
I have acknowledged any/all third party funders, giving full names and grant numbers.
I have not used an electronic signature.
I understand that I must return the completed and signed original of this form via post.

(b) My understanding


My work is original.
I have secured all the necessary permissions for use of third party material.
I have not included any statement that could be considered: abusive, defamatory, libellous, obscene, fraudulent, to infringe the rights of others, or to be in any other way unlawful or in violation of applicable laws.
I have obtained consent for inclusion of material related to patients, clients or participants in any research or clinical experiment or study. Furthermore I confirm that no such individual can be identified by the Article, nor will I identify them in any way.
I have included any relevant safety points and procedures in the Article.
I have reviewed the Taylor & Francis Publishing Ethics and Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest policies.
I have acknowledged in the text of the Article any financial interest I have or benefit arising from the direct applications of my research.
I have consulted any co-authors and guarantee that I have been authorized by all co-authors to sign on their behalf, if applicable.
If the warranties outlined above are breached I understand that I will keep Taylor & Francis and their affiliates indemnified in full against all loss, damages, injury, costs and expenses (including legal and other professional fees and expenses) incurred or paid by Taylor & Francis as a result.

General copyright questions

1. What if I do not own copyright of the article I have written?
In some cases copyright will be held by the author's employer, for example, the British Crown or U.S. Government, where there are no restrictions on public access, and the paper will be shown as being under Crown Copyright, or as having a non-copyrightable status, for Federal Government employees. It is essential that authors ensure requisite licenses are secured from such employers once a paper has been accepted for publication. If an author is a U.K. Crown servant and an article is made in that capacity, an article must be submitted for clearance by the Permanent Head of the Department concerned. If an author is a U.S. Government employee and an article is made in that capacity, assignment applies only to the extent allowable by U.S. law. In either case it is the responsibility of an author to make the necessary enquiries and arrangements.

2. Will licensing copyright prevent me from exploiting my own work?
No. Nothing in our Article Publishing Agreement will restrict an author's rights as the author, or in the case of work written by an author during the course of his or her employment, an author's employer's rights, to revise, adapt, prepare derivative works, present orally, or otherwise make use of the contents of the article.

For example, authors themselves retain the right to reproduce their own paper in any volume of which the author acts as editor or author, subject to acknowledgment and citation. The sole condition is that authors advise us of such reproduction, and acknowledge and cite the journal as the original source of publication.

3. If I have used any previously published material do I need to acknowledge this?
Yes. We require that you obtain the necessary written permission in advance from any third-party owners of copyright for the use in print and electronic formats of any of their text, illustrations, graphics, or other material, in your article and in our journal. The same applies to any other necessary consent. Taylor & Francis are signatories of and respect the spirit of the STM Agreement regarding the free sharing and dissemination of scholarly information. As such we partake in the reciprocal free exchange of material. Suggested wording for the request for permission is given here.

It is also important to ensure you acknowledge the source in your figure captions, and cite the source in your Reference section.

4. What happens if Taylor & Francis does not publish the article?
If the paper is not published in the journal, all rights revert to you as the author.

Questions about your status in assigning Taylor & Francis a licence to publish
See the Article Publishing Agreement and License to Publish, "Please indicate if any of the other statements also apply to you ..."

5. What do these statements mean?
(a) I am a U.K., Canadian, or Australian Government employee and claim Crown Copyright
Crown Copyright applies to material which is produced by employees of the Crown in the course of their duties. Therefore, most material originated by Ministers and civil servants is protected by Crown Copyright. Tick this option if you are a Government employee and your nationality is one of any of the 16 countries listed below that fall within the Commonwealth Realm. By ticking this option you are requested to provide a copyright statement.

  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • Australia
  • The Bahamas
  • Barbados
  • Belize
  • Canada
  • Grenada
  • Jamaica
  • New Zealand
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Saint Kitts and Nevis
  • Saint Lucia
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  • Solomon Islands
  • Tuvalu
  • United Kingdom

For further information, please see the Office of Public Sector Information guidelines here:
www.opsi.gov.uk/advice/crown-copyright/index.

(b) I am a U.K. civil servant/public sector employee and I have been advised to issue Taylor & Francis an "Open Government Licence"
The "Open Government Licence (OGL)" covers the publication and dissemination of public sector-authored information, data, and content. The OGL does not replace Crown Copyright, but rather is a way for researchers who work in the U.K. public sector to license content (as well as databases and source codes developed as part of their public sector duties) that is subject to Crown Copyright. The OGL allows Taylor & Francis to be the sole licensee for the publication of the final and definitive Version of Record. An article covered by an OGL should include an attribution statement and a link to the OGL license as a footnote on the title page of the journal article, e.g.,
Crown Copyright © 2011
This article is published under an Open Government Licence
www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/

(c) I am a U.S. Government employee and there is no copyright to transfer
A work of the United States Federal Government, as defined by United States copyright law, is "a work prepared by an officer or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person's official duties." The term only applies to the work of the Federal Government, not state or local governments. In general, under section 105 of the Copyright Act, such works are not entitled to domestic copyright protection under U.S. law, sometimes referred to as "non-copyright." Tick this option if you are an employee of the U.S. Government.

Unless you supply us with a specific form of wording we will use the following:

"This work was authored as part of the Contributor's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law."

If you are a contractor of the U.S. government, please see section (d) below.

(d) I am a National Institutes of Health (NIH) employee and there is no copyright to transfer. I am not required to sign this form and instead attach the NIH addendum
Tick this option if the NIH Public Access Policy applies to your manuscript. This includes any manuscript that arises from:

  • An NIH employee.
  • Any direct funding from an NIH grant or cooperative agreement active in Fiscal Year 2008 or beyond, where "directly funded" refers to costs that can be specifically identified with a particular project or activity.
  • Any direct funding from an NIH contract signed on or after April 7, 2008.
  • Any direct funding from the NIH Intramural Program.

You must attach an addendum. The NIH FAQ page http://publicaccess.nih.gov/FAQ.htm provides an example of the language that could be used in a copyright agreement between an author or institution and a publisher. Individual copyright arrangements can take many forms, and authors and their institutions should continue to manage such arrangements as they have in the past. Institutions and investigators may wish to develop particular copyright agreement terms in consultation with their own legal counsel or other applicable official at their institution, as appropriate. An example of the kind of language that an author or institution might add to a copyright agreement is as follows:

"[Journal name] acknowledges that [Author name] retains the right to provide a copy of the final peer-reviewed manuscript to the NIH upon acceptance for publication, for public archiving in PubMed Central as soon as possible but no later than 12 months after publication by [Journal name]."

Your Institution or professional society may have developed specific model language for this purpose, so we advise you to consult your counsel.

All Taylor & Francis journals deposit the final published article in PubMed Central for iOpenAccess articles and the accepted manuscripts for all other NIH-funded articles. Taylor & Francis in conjunction with the NIH then makes iOpenAccess articles immediately available and all other manuscripts available 12 months after publication. Through Taylor & Francis' direct manuscript feed it will not be necessary for you to submit a manuscript yourself.

Further information on the NIH can be found at the website: www.nih.gov/.

(e) I am a contractor of the U.S. Government (includes NIH contractors)
Unlike works of the U.S. Government, works produced by contractors under government contracts (or submitted in anticipation of such contracts) are protected and restricted under U.S. copyright law. Contract terms and conditions vary between agencies and depend on the terms of the contract and the type of work undertaken; we advise you to consult your counsel if you are in any doubt as to whether this statement applies to you. You are required to supply a copyright statement to be used, for example:

"This material is published by permission of the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, operated by Stanford University for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. [contract number]. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government."

For further information, please visit the United States Copyright Office website:
www.copyright.gov/.

See Publishing Agreement: "I am one of [insert number] co-authors of the Article and confirm I have the consent of my co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf"

6. What if I am not sole author?
A "sole author" is defined as: an author from whom a manuscript originates, when only one author has contributed.

A "co-author" is defined as: an author from whom a manuscript originates, when more than one author has contributed.

You must specify all authors and secure the permission of your co-authors to act on their behalf, and sign our License to Publish. If you are one among a number of authors and one or more of the statements under section 7. above applies to any author, please consult your counsel. In the case of collaboration between a U.S. Government employee and a non-government author we suggest you refer to www.cendi.gov/publications/04-8copyright.html#327 and again, if in any doubt seek the advice of your counsel.

See Publishing Agreement: "a work made for hire"

7. What is a “work made for hire”? Would my university class as an "employer" in this case?
No. A university is not considered to be an employer if you are grant-funded but merely working within the institution.

"Work made for hire" is sometimes referred to as "corporate authorship" and is when the employer - not the employee - is considered the legal author. The incorporated entity serving as an employer may be a corporation or other legal entity, an organization, or an individual. Please consult your employer to obtain a copyright statement to be used.

8. My institution has asked me to submit an addendum to the agreement. Is this acceptable?
No, and neither is any addendum necessary. Taylor & Francis' liberal Author Rights policy has been designed to meet authors' interests and needs. Taylor & Francis supports the widest possible access to the scientific, scholarly, and medical literature through innovative and creative publishing policy and practice, founded on the highest standards of peer review, and on our stewardship of the Scholarly Record.

Funding
See Publishing Agreement: "Funding"

9. Do I need to declare any funding?
Yes. The name of any/all third-party funders must be given in full. In addition, the full names and numbers of all grants must be given in the Acknowledgments section of your manuscript.
For further information, please see our Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest page.

Publishing Rights
See: Schedule of Author Rights and Schedule of Author Rights (Society titles).

10. What exactly is meant by "publishing rights"?
In order for Taylor & Francis to publish and establish your article as the Version of Record, you need to grant us an exclusive license to:

(a) publish, reproduce, distribute, display, and store your article, worldwide, in all forms; 1
(b) translate your article into other languages, and create adaptations, summaries, extracts, or other derivative works based on the article;
(c) sub-license these rights to third-party data aggregators – thus maximizing dissemination. If of course your article is not accepted for publication, or is withdrawn, then the license is rendered null and void, and all rights revert to you.

11. What are the responsibilities of Taylor & Francis as publisher of my article?
Following rigorous peer review, we shall prepare the final, accepted version of your article for publication in the journal by having it copy-edited for style, fluency, and consistency, and share a proof with you for checking and approval prior to publication. 2

12. What must I declare as author under "Author Warranties"?
See: Publishing Ethics.
It is mandatory that you make legally binding guarantees in respect of the originality and provenance of your article and its component parts. Taylor & Francis Group is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), and we recommend you read our Guidelines on Ethics. You are required to confirm that you have reviewed Taylor & Francis' Ethics and Conflicts of Interest and Disclosure policies.

a) It is essential that you obtain formal written permission from copyright owners for the reuse of any third-party copyright material in your article, for example, text, figures, or tables. This is especially important in relation to the reproduction of poetry and lyrics, and photographs of artworks. As noted above, it is important to ensure you acknowledge the source in your figure captions, and cite the source in your Reference section. We suggest you consult The Design and Artists Copyright Society or the Visual Artists and Galleries Association www.vaga.co.uk/ in relation to the reproduction of artworks.

We urge you to exercise extreme caution with respect to images you may find on the Internet. These have often been posted without the permission of the copyright holder; a reference to a website hosting an image is not commensurate with formal permission.

Apart from the authorized reproduction of appropriate third-party copyright material, you are confirming that your article is your original work.

In this respect, you guarantee that nothing in the article infringes the legal rights of any other person or entity, and that neither the article nor any part of it could be construed as copying any other person's published work and attempting to pass this off as your own work. You also guarantee that neither the article nor any part of it is abusive, defamatory, libelous, obscene, fraudulent, nor in any way infringes the rights of others, nor is in any other way unlawful or in violation of applicable laws.

b) You are confirming that your article has not been published previously, nor is it under consideration by any other journal. If we discover it has been, we reserve the right to retract your article and prohibit you from making new submissions to Taylor & Francis journals.

c) You are confirming that you have written consent from any patient, client, or participant in any research or clinical experiment or study for the inclusion of material pertaining to them. You are confirming you have anonymized such patients, clients, or participants, and confirmed with them that they are assured they cannot be identified via the article.

d) You are confirming that you have highlighted all relevant health and safety issues in your article which would have a bearing on the successful outcome of repeating your research. You must include appropriate warnings concerning any particular hazards that may be involved in carrying out experiments or procedures described in your article, but it is assumed that basic good laboratory practice and all mandatory laboratory health and safety procedures have been complied with in the course of conducting any experimental work reported in your article. Basic and mandatory practices need not be repeated in the article text unless they have an influence on the results being reported.

e) You are confirming that all the co-authors listed have authorized you to act as Corresponding Author, and make warranties on their behalf.

13. As an author, can I use screenshots or grabs of film or video in my article or take such images from the Internet?
You should always obtain written permission from the appropriate rightsholder for the reproduction of any proprietary audio, video, film stills, and screenshots. This includes those that can be taken from the Internet, e.g., from Wikipedia, Google, or Facebook. We urge caution when sourcing images from the Internet, as these may have been posted without the permission of the rightsholder. You should be advised that many rightsholders (e.g., film and television companies) will charge fees and in certain cases there may also be additional fees payable to the actors featured in the images. In the same way as for stills, film clips and extracts of video should be used specifically within the context of the article for criticism or review. Each clip should be no longer than is necessary to illustrate the point made in the text. You should always provide full credits for the source of every image or clip. Please consult T&F Author Services authorqueries@tandf.co.uk if you require advice on seeking permission.

14. Do I need permission to reproduce the cover image of a book as part of a book review?
Yes. If you choose to include the cover image then permission from the book publisher will need to be sought. In addition, we recommend that the image used be of a high quality/resolution and that this image be sought directly from the book publisher when seeking permission to use the cover image. Please be aware that on some occasions the book cover may have additional third-party rights attached for images contained with it and thus the permissions for reuse may be restricted.

15. Is this agreement legally binding?
Yes. This agreement (and any dispute, proceeding, claim or controversy in relation to it) is subject to U.S. law. It may only be amended via joint signature from both parties. If you are found to be in breach of any of these warranties, you are liable to indemnify Taylor & Francis against all loss, damages, injury, costs and expenses (including legal and other professional fees and expenses) awarded against or incurred or paid by us as a result of a breach.

Supplementary material online

1. Supplementary material online must be pertinent to and support the article to which it relates.
2. It must be submitted simultaneously with the article.
3. It will subject to editor oversight, and where appropriate to peer review.
4. When appropriate, it should carry a disclaimer – Taylor & Francis to be consulted.
5. Any pod- or vodcaster must sign the Taylor & Francis license as requested.
6. Warranties regarding the originality, validity, and legality of the supplementary material online are covered by the agreed license to publish.

Post-Publication

16. What do I receive once the article is published?
Once your article is available online you will be granted access to the article. If you do not have a username, one is created for you, and an email will be sent to you containing your login details. On Taylor & Francis Online, you can access both HTML and PDF versions of your article. You may download a PDF version, which will contain a watermark noting this is an author copy. You are free to circulate this PDF to up to 50 colleagues by email, or make 50 printed copies and circulate by mail. Additionally, some of our journals offer other complimentary author items, such as print issue copies or offprints.

Please refer to the editorial policy at the journal level for further details.

17. What is RightsLinkTM?
RightsLinkTM is a division of the Copyright Clearance Center. RightsLinkTM offers a secure website where authors can purchase discounted reprints of their article. Many of our journals are partnered with RightsLinkTM which entitles the authors in these journals to obtain discounted print products. Links to this service are made available to authors at the time they review proofs. Additionally, many of the articles on Taylor & Francis Online are available for custom reprint orders through RightslinkTM. A link labeled "Order Reprints" appears on the article's title and abstract page.

18. What is Taylor & Francis's position on photocopying?
Our policy on photocopying is that a third party is free to make one copy of an article for the purposes of private study or research without seeking the permission of either Taylor & Francis or the author. Unlicensed multiple copying without permission is illegal.

Taylor & Francis participate in a number of photo- and digital copying licensing schemes which exist in many countries for the purposes of private study or research, as co-ordinated by the International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organizations (IFFRO), for example, the Copyright Licensing Agency (UK) and Copyright Clearance Centre (USA), non-profit-making organizations which offer centralized licensing arrangements for photocopying.


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Disclosure of conflicts of interest

Image: Disclosure of conflicts of interest

A conflict of interest may occur when an author or an author's employer or sponsor has a financial, commercial, legal, or professional relationship with other organizations or with the people working with them that may exert an influence on that author's research.

A conflict can be actual or potential and as such disclosure in full is required at the point of submission by the author. All manuscript submissions to the Journal must include the disclosure of any and all relationships that could be viewed as presenting a potential conflict of interest. Once disclosed, the Journal Editor may use such information for making editorial decisions and may publish such disclosures if they are held to be important to readers in judging the manuscript. Additionally, a decision may be made by the Journal Editor or peer reviewers not to publish on the basis of any declared conflict.

Personal conflicts of interest

A list of potential conflicts of interest in relation to the submitted manuscript could include:

  • Consultancies
  • Employment
  • Grants
  • Fees & Honoraria
  • Patents
  • Royalties
  • Stock or share ownership

If necessary, please describe any potential conflicts of interest in a covering letter, indicating funding when greater than US$2000.00 per year. All funding sources supporting the work should also be acknowledged.

Institutional conflicts of interest

Are you aware that your employer has any financial interest in or a financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript? If 'Yes' then please also provide additional detail in a covering letter.

Disclosure statement

Authors should also include a relevant Disclosure Statement along with the text of their article, in conjunction with any Acknowledgments and Details of Funders.

Related Information

Copyright and ethics

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Taylor & Francis has a two-hundred year tradition of service to the international scholarly community.


We encourage our authors, referees, and journal editors to follow these guidelines when considering a submission to, or when dealing with papers submitted for consideration for publication in, Taylor & Francis journals.

Together we can assure the integrity of the peer review process, and the integrity of articles which are published as a result of that process.

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Authors

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We require that, prior to publication, authors make warranties to these effects when signing their Article Publishing Agreement.


1.1. An author must not submit a manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously, nor should an author submit previously published work, nor work which is based in substance on previously published work.

1.2. An author should present an accurate account of research performed and an objective discussion of its significance, and present sufficient detail and reference to public sources of information so to permit the author's peers to repeat the work.

1.3. An author must cite all relevant publications. Information obtained privately, as in conversation, correspondence, or discussion with third parties, should not be used or reported in the author's work unless fully cited, and with the permission of that third party.

1.4. An author must make available all requisite formal and documented ethical approval from an appropriate research ethics committee using humans or human tissue, including evidence of anonymisation and informed consent from the client (s) or patient (s) studied.

1.5. An author must follow national and international procedures that govern the ethics of work done on animals.

1.6. An author must avoid making defamatory statements in submitted articles which could be construed as impugning any person's reputation, for example, making allegations of dishonesty or sharp practice, plagiarism, or misrepresentation; or in any way attacking a person's integrity or competence.

1.7. An author must ensure all named co-authors consent to publication and being named as a co-author, and, equally, that all those persons who have made significant scientific or literary contributions to the work reported are named as co-authors. Additionally, the author understands that co-authors are bound by these same principles.

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Peer reviewers

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We ask peer reviewers to make every reasonable effort to ensure the following criteria are taken into account for those submitted manuscripts they have agreed to peer review.


2.1. Although authors' identities are normally anonymised, content within a manuscript may reveal an author's identity, or aspects of identity. In such cases, a peer reviewer of a manuscript must give unbiased consideration to each manuscript submitted for consideration for publication, and should judge each on its merits, without regard to race, religion, nationality, sex, seniority, or institutional affiliation of the author(s).

2.2. A peer reviewer should declare any conflict of interest when the manuscript under review is related to the peer reviewer's own work. A peer reviewer should not evaluate a manuscript authored or co-authored by a person with whom the peer reviewer has a personal or professional connection if the relationship would bias judgment of the manuscript.

2.3. A peer reviewer should treat the peer review process as entirely confidential, and neither the submitted manuscript, nor information about the submitted manuscript, nor correspondence related to their peer review should be shared or circulated to any person not engaged in the peer review process.

2.4. A peer reviewer should provide a comprehensive, evidenced, and appropriately substantial peer review report.

2.5. A peer reviewer should be alert to the failure of authors to cite relevant work by other scientists, and should call to the Journal Editor's attention any significant similarity between the manuscript under consideration and any published paper or any manuscript submitted concurrently to another journal of which she or he is aware.

2.6. A peer reviewer should make all reasonable effort to submit her or his report and recommendation in a timely manner.

2.7. A peer reviewer must avoid making statements in submitted articles which might be construed as impugning any person's reputation.

2.8. An author must declare any potential conflict of interest that might be affected by publication of the results contained in a manuscript, and acknowledge funding.

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Journal editors

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We ask editors to make every reasonable effort to ensure the following criteria are taken into account for those submitted manuscripts they deem worthy of consideration by peer review.


3.1. A Journal Editor should give unbiased consideration to each manuscript submitted for consideration for publication, and should judge each on its merits, without regard to race, religion, nationality, sex, seniority, or institutional affiliation of the author(s).

3.2. A Journal Editor has sole responsibility for the acceptance or the rejection of a submitted manuscript.

3.3. A Journal Editor may reject a submitted manuscript without resort to formal peer review if she or he considers the manuscript to be inappropriate for the Journal and outside its scope.

3.4. A Journal Editor should make all reasonable effort to process submitted manuscripts in an efficient and timely manner.

3.5. The Journal Editor, Associate Editors, and members of the Editorial Board should treat the peer review process as entirely confidential, and neither the submitted manuscript, nor information about the submitted manuscript, nor correspondence related to their peer review should be shared or circulated to any person not engaged in the peer review process.

3.6. The Journal Editor should arrange for responsibility for the peer review of any manuscript authored by her- or himself to be delegated to an Associate Editor. Any data or analysis presented in a submitted manuscript should not be used in a Journal Editor's own research except with the consent of the author.

3.7. If a Journal Editor is presented with convincing evidence that a submitted article is under consideration elsewhere, or has already been published, then the Journal Editor may reject the article forthwith, and, in consultation with Taylor & Francis, reserve the right to impose sanctions on the submitting author.

3.8. If a Journal Editor is presented with convincing evidence that the main substance or conclusions of an article published in the Journal are erroneous, then, in consultation with Taylor & Francis, the Journal Editor should facilitate publication of an appropriate Corrigendum or Erratum.

3.9. A Journal Editor who is in receipt of a Letter which offers evidence that the substance of, or sections within, a published article, are erroneous, may consider publication of the Letter as a Comment, to which the author may offer a Response, and the Commentator a Rejoinder. The Journal Editor should subject all Comments, Responses, and rejoinders to peer review.

3.10. If a Journal Editor is presented with convincing evidence that an article is under consideration by another Journal, or has been previously published, then the Journal Editor may reject the article forthwith, and, in consultation with Taylor & Francis, reserve the right to impose sanctions on the submitting author.

3.11. If a Journal Editor is presented with convincing evidence that an article or parts of an article reproduce text, tables, or figures which are copyrighted to a third party, but which have not been quoted, cited, or acknowledged in the article, then, in consultation with Taylor & Francis, the Journal Editor should facilitate a Retraction of the article, and, in consultation with Taylor & Francis, reserve the right to impose sanctions on the author.


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1 This encompasses all formats and media now known or as developed in the future, including print, electronic and digital forms.
2 Taylor & Francis reserves the right to make such editorial changes as may be necessary to make the article suitable for publication or as we reasonably consider necessary to avoid infringing third-party rights or law. Taylor & Francis also reserves the right not to proceed with publication for whatever reason.

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